Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent[1]). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food, energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45.[2] "Water" is also the name of the liquid state of H2O at standard temperature and pressure.
Water (H2O) is a polar inorganic compound. At room temperature it is a tasteless and odorless liquid, nearly colorless with a hint of blue. This simplest hydrogen chalcogenide is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve many substances.[10][11] This allows it to be the "solvent of life":[12] indeed, water as found in nature almost always includes various dissolved substances, and special steps are required to obtain chemically pure water. Water is the only common substance to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas in normal terrestrial conditions.[13]
inorganic chemistry introduction pdf 12
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The water/vapor phase curve terminates at 647.096 K (373.946 C; 705.103 F) and 22.064 megapascals (3,200.1 psi; 217.75 atm).[38] This is known as the critical point. At higher temperatures and pressures the liquid and vapor phases form a continuous phase called a supercritical fluid. It can be gradually compressed or expanded between gas-like and liquid-like densities; its properties (which are quite different from those of ambient water) are sensitive to density. For example, for suitable pressures and temperatures it can mix freely with nonpolar compounds, including most organic compounds. This makes it useful in a variety of applications including high-temperature electrochemistry and as an ecologically benign solvent or catalyst in chemical reactions involving organic compounds. In Earth's mantle, it acts as a solvent during mineral formation, dissolution and deposition.[39][40]
Many organic substances (such as fats and oils and alkanes) are hydrophobic, that is, insoluble in water. Many inorganic substances are insoluble too, including most metal oxides, sulfides, and silicates.
Water is widely used in chemical reactions as a solvent or reactant and less commonly as a solute or catalyst. In inorganic reactions, water is a common solvent, dissolving many ionic compounds, as well as other polar compounds such as ammonia and compounds closely related to water. In organic reactions, it is not usually used as a reaction solvent, because it does not dissolve the reactants well and is amphoteric (acidic and basic) and nucleophilic. Nevertheless, these properties are sometimes desirable. Also, acceleration of Diels-Alder reactions by water has been observed. Supercritical water has recently been a topic of research. Oxygen-saturated supercritical water combusts organic pollutants efficiently.
Synthesis, analysis, and physical characterization of inorganic chemical compounds. Program or materials fees may apply. Prerequisites: CHEM 120A, 120B and 43A, 143A, 43AM or 143AH. Restricted to the following major codes: CH25, CH31, CH34, CH35, CH36, CH37.
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Inorganic Chemistry is a significant branch of chemistry dealing with carbon-free compounds. Such compounds are called inorganic compounds. The synthesis, structure, properties, and use of inorganic compounds are studied in inorganic chemistry. A common example of an inorganic compound is sodium chloride (NaCl). The most important molecule, water (H2O), regulates and governs life. Inorganic chemistry helps students to understand the chemistry of elements other than carbon.
Ans. Some simple compounds that contain carbon are often considered inorganic. Examples include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic cations: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates.
Ans. Important classes of inorganic compounds are the oxides, the carbonates, the sulfates, and the halides. High melting points characterize many inorganic compounds. Inorganic salts typically are poor conductors in the solid-state.
Ans. The key to learning any subject is to study it regularly. Set aside an hour or maybe two hours every other day to focus specifically on inorganic chemistry. Read your textbook, answer practice problems, and use online resources to increase your understanding of the subject.
The study of matter and the chemicals that make it up is the focus of the scientific subdiscipline of chemistry. The characteristics of these chemicals and the processes they go through to produce new compounds are also covered. Atoms, ions, and molecules, which in turn make up elements and compounds, are the main subjects of chemistry. Through chemical bonding, these chemical species frequently communicate with one another. It is essential to remember that the study of chemistry also examines how matter and energy interact.
Known to be one of the most important branches of Chemistry, Biochemistry studies the biological structure, composition and chemical reactions at the cellular and molecular level. This covers a range of living organisms such as planta, insects, viruses, microorganisms, etc. Biochemistry is an amalgamation of Biology with Organic, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. Various topics covered in this subject include issues related to diseases, the chemical basis of heredity and how living organisms derive energy from food.
It is a study of biochemical processes that occur in the natural environment. Environmental chemistry is a mixture of various subjects such as biology, maths, toxicology to find out the ways for sustainable development. Environment chemistry is an essential branch of chemistry because it deals with environmental functions.
It focuses on polymers and macromolecules. Polymer structures are present in organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry as well. It can also be included in nanotechnology. It can further be classified into thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and synthetic fibers.
Geochemistry is an in-depth study of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Geochemistry is important to understand the mineral, weathering agents, and other environmental aspects. Earth is composed to various chemicals and geochemistry is the study of all those chemical processes
Owing to the diverse branches of Chemistry and its emerging interdisciplinary specializations, there are numerous career opportunities available for those interested in making a career in this field. Take a look at the some of the popular and top chemistry jobs you must know about:
We are surrounded by chemistry from studying in school to masters chemistry has wider scope. Many students choose to build a career in chemistry major and even choose to puruse masters. Masters is great way to push your limits and gain in-depth knowledge on the subjects. Let us explore the branches of chemistry for Masters:
Inorganic chemistry is one of the cornerstones of the central science. For many is the most fun, but it covers an extremely wide range of topics. For this reason, you need to make sure to find the best inorganic chemistry textbook for learning efficiently!
So we decided to go back to the library a check the best texts for this fascinating and diverse subject. This resulted on a nice and concise review guide of 6 books which we believe are the best for learning inorganic chem.
This reference guide is aimed at education professionals that are looking for a textbook to base their inorganic chemistry syllabus on. But also to all inorganic chem students that do not have a defined textbook on their courses, or want a better one to fully understand the topics on their class.
From our point of view, Inorganic Chemistry by C. Housecroft and A. Sharpe is the most recommended textbook for inorganic chemistry. It approaches many areas of this wide subject in a very methodical and logical fashion.
This text is very detailed, even in the more specialized chapters. If you buy it, it will probably be the only introductory textbook that you will ever need for any inorganic chemistry university course.
This book is very accesible, and describes concepts very visually. It even goes into some computational chemistry. This is generally an advantage, but there is people that, for this reason, find some of the concepts difficult to grasp without a solid basic knowledge on physical chemistry.
If you are either a professional or somebody looking forward to develop a career on inorganic or organometallic chemistry, this textbook should be in your shelf. On the other hand, if you are a student which enjoys inorganic chemistry a lot, and you already have covered the basics of chemistry in class, this book might be your perfect choice. If you want something for self-study or reference, or as a suplement, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson will do the job.
For chapters such as the ones for the crystal/ligand field theory (the base for coordination chemistry), it is great and very detailed. If you are approaching organometallic chemistry, this text may be the way to go. Another advantage is that it seems to be cheaper than the original Atkins used to be. Also, it was updated in 2018. 2ff7e9595c
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